Why are glycols used in cosmetics?

Cosmetic formulation has one important characteristic: every substance included in a formula has a specific purpose. Glycols, as one of the ingredients, also play a critical role. So, let’s take a closer look at why this seemingly inconspicuous substance can be found in so many cosmetic products on the market.

First of all - and this is particularly important from the perspective of product stability - glycols help prevent cosmetic products from drying out. This is due to their water-binding properties. Such substances are known as humectants, and they help prevent lotions and creams from drying out after being dispensed from the packaging. The use of glycols also makes a product feel lighter and more watery compared with a formula that does not contain glycols.

We already know that glycols are excellent at protecting cosmetic products from drying out. But can we experience a similar effect on our skin? The answer is - yes!

Glycols not only help extend the shelf life of cosmetic products; they also help moisturize the skin.

Thanks to them, our skin becomes better hydrated, more supple, and healthier-looking. They also have a loosening effect on corneocytes (i.e. dead skin cells), which can make it easier for many active ingredients to penetrate into the deeper layers of the epidermis, resulting in better skincare benefits.

Additionally, glycols have antimicrobial properties, helping to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. This makes them a valuable alternative to traditional preservatives.

Considering all the benefits of using glycols in cosmetic products, we may ask ourselves: what is all the fuss about? Why, despite their beneficial effects on both the skin and the cosmetic product itself, do so many conscious consumers avoid products containing glycols?

It all comes down to the widespread belief that glycols are toxic substances. This, however, is not true. Every raw material approved for use in cosmetics is considered safe when used at an appropriate concentration and under the specified conditions of use.

The negative perception of glycols stems largely from their origin - petroleum. Until relatively recently, propylene glycol and butylene glycol were among the glycols most commonly used in cosmetics. They were indeed synthetic, but natural alternatives are now available for these ingredients as well. Interestingly, propylene glycol has GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status and is used in many oral medicines, including syrups.

It is worth knowing, however, that the range of glycols available for use in cosmetics has expanded significantly.

Today, we have access to propanediol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, and decylene glycol, which can be sourced entirely from renewable, plant-based materials. When turning to us for custom cosmetic formulations, it is worth first building a solid understanding of this kind of information. It is no secret that consumer myths and misconceptions can have a significant impact on the sales of a cosmetic product — regardless of how effective or natural it may actually be.